What’s one of the simplest and most effective ways to protect plants in the landscape or garden? It’s mulch.
Mulch insulates plants and plant roots during extreme temperature fluctuations while reducing water loss through evaporation. Soil temperature and moisture levels can be regulated throughout the growing season. Be sure to apply mulch to exposed roots, tree trunks, and landscape plants that can be damaged by lawn mowers or trimmers. In exposed spots prone to disease, mulch can reduce the transfer of pathogens and rot. Mulch can reduce erosion, especially on steep slopes, control weeds, and create walkways to guide your path without getting in the mud.
When you get ready to mulch, consider that the mulch depth depends on the soil type, plants, and the mulch itself. The general recommendation is to apply mulch in an even layer, 2 to 4 inches thick around woody plants and 1 to 2 inches thick around annual and perennial flowers, as well as vegetables. Layers that are too thin may need to be replenished more often and lack the benefits of use. Thicker layers may reduce the amount of oxygen that reaches the soil, causing plants to root in the mulch rather than in the ground. When in doubt, consult your landscape professional or Master Gardener.
Once you’ve decided on mulching, you’ll have bagged or bulk mulch to choose from. I get it, there are several choices of mulch, from type to color to packaging (or lack thereof) when it comes to picking the right kind for your area. Here are some pros for each type to help make your decision. Mulch of a single type of wood, such as pine, cedar, or cypress, is available and bags are easy to handle. The mulch may be free of weeds but is often more expensive. Bulk mulch consists of mixed species (types of wood), is loose, and may require more specialized tools and means of transport to its destination. However, bulk mulch may be free in many cities, available through the parks department.
What about organic mulch options? Organic mulches are derived from plants and include wood chips, shredded or chunked bark, pine needles, grass clippings, leaves, straw, and sawdust. Local suppliers may have unique organic mulches that are byproducts, such as soybean hulls, corncobs, shredded alfalfa, or a newer option, sheep wool. Yes, sheep wool. These options are natural, renewable resources that can be effective and sustainable. Organic mulches break down over time, add organic matter to the soil, and improve soil structure. In some soil types, organic mulch can even improve water drainage or retention. Aside from needing a refresh now and then, these are a win-win for plants and gardeners alike.
Organic not your thing, then look into inorganic mulches. These are materials produced from non-living sources, including both mineral and synthetic products. Inorganic mulches rarely break down, or they break down slowly. Rock is the primary inorganic mulch used. It comes in a variety of sizes, shapes, and colors, including round river rock, lava rock, quartz, granite, gravel, or shale chips and fines. You will likely spot rubber mulch as it is becoming popular and widely available in shredded or chunked form. Other options include landscape fabric or plastics. Inorganic mulches only need to be replenished if they work down into the soil or tear. They can be more stable in the elements but can be more difficult to remove. A major consideration when selecting and using this type of mulch is its tendency to increase reflective heat and soil temperatures.
Nebraska Extension is a Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United States Department of Agriculture. Nebraska Extension educational programs abide with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture.
By Katie Markheim, Nebraska Extension Master Gardener Volunteer
